Simmels versus Du Boiss Theories in the Social Sciences

Throughout history, Georg Simmel and W.E.B. Du Bois have had a substantial influence on imperative theories and concepts developed in the area of social sciences. Two of the most significant and distinguished concepts fostered by both of these theorists are the concepts of â€Å"double consciousness† and â€Å"the stranger†. In this essay, I will be analyzing each of these works to draw upon differences and similarities concerning the two. The resemblances I will be expanding on are the usage of the paradoxical figure, which both theorists discuss in their theories, and the coexisting sensation of division from conventional society. The contrast between the two theories in which I will be exploring is the perception that conventional society†¦show more content†¦He is fixed within a certain spatial circle- or within a group whose boundaries are analogous to spatial boundaries- but his position within it is fundamentally affected by the fact that he does not belong in it initially and that he brings qualities into it that are not, and cannot be, indigenous to it† (Low, 2008). Simmel defines the stranger as one that is both close and far; that is physically close, but socially distant. He disassociates his concept from the understanding of the stranger as one who comes and goes. Rather, the stranger he speaks of in this case is one who comes and stays, but has not been socialized under the same conditions as mainstream society. Despite this, the stranger is not a person who is withdrawn from society and is unaware of social norms. Rather, someone is inorganically appended to the society, but still an organic member of the group (ibid, 149). The stranger is seen as and valuable member of society because it is, in no way connected to any one individual. The stranger holds a certain objectivity, and can be confessed to without the threat of judgment on the confessor (ibid, 145). Simmel believes that the role of stranger is historical ly related to certain forms of economic interaction, particularly trade. Because the role of the stranger is never the owner of land, it takes on the specific character of

Favorable Shocks For Bram And Brazil Case Study - 712 Words

Favorable shocks for LatAm and Brazil The high correlation between commodity price change and asset prices in Latin America is a well-documented fact. Against this backdrop, the recent upturn in the terms of trade for primary products following four years of sharp decline speaks of an increasingly constructive stance of international investors towards the region (Chart I). Getting the causation right, however, is a more daunting task. Conventional wisdom would posit that primary products are a material factor in the value-added creation process in Latin America, hence better terms of trade signify increased corporate earnings, higher ROICs, increased income, stronger GDP performance and a cascade of benign outcomes that increase asset†¦show more content†¦Commodity price shocks account for 77% of the real income variance in Chile.2 Domestic productivity shifts seem to be the most relevant factor causing real income shifts in Peru and Colombia (52% on average), although commodity price changes come at a respectable second place (42% on average). Brazil is an outlier, for the key drivers are local interest rates, domestic productivity and changes in global interest rates (U.S. Treasury bills), which explain 30%, 22% and 20% of real income variance, respectively. Intriguingly, world demand shocks that are not captured by the aforementioned variab les appears to be irrelevant in Latin America and that hints at the region showing asynchrony with global business cycles. Against this backdrop, the recent upturn in global commodity prices is good news for Latin American countries and should lead to an upward revision of expected economic growth. Presently, market consensus foresees a somewhat lackluster 2.5% average real GDP growth for the region from 2018 to 2022. Brazil warrants a more comprehensive review, though. Commodity price changes account for 27% of reported real income variance and improved terms of trade are surely a tail-wind. However, a much larger favorable shock has occurred. The Central Bank’s policy rate (Selic) fell 675 bps over the past 12 months and the impact of the monetary easing is still propagating through the

Census of Population and Housing †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Census of Population and Housing. Answer: Introduction: The indigenous Australians have lived through the country for the estimated time span of 30000 to 45000 years. The indigenous Australians were dependent on land and the water, depending on their place of living. Their dwelling place also determined their skills of hunting, fishing and gathering. The indigenous populations of Australia had been regarded as the earliest migrants from Africa. The place chosen for the essay is the Circular Quay Sydney. The original indigenous inhabitants of Sydney are the Gadigals. They used to inhabit the area, which is now called the Sydney Central Business District. I chose the Gadigals as the central group of indigenous community as they are the oldest community here in Sydney. The Gadigals are a coastal community who lived their life being dependent on the harbor Sherwood, 2013). The city council of Sydney recognized the Gadigal community as the traditional custodian of Sydney. In the metropolitan area of Sydney, there are 29 indigenous clans. The 29 indigenous clans together are called Eora Nations. Gadigals are the part of the Eora Nations. The word Eora means from the place. The British encountered the Eora Nation when to in 1788 on Port Jackson Bay. The places at the harbor where they used to hunt remained a safe site for them. Despite of the continuous clash with the British, the Eora culture survived. The Eora clans have 29 different indigenous group and they spoke different languages. They spoke with coastal dialects, such as, Dharug, Gundungurra, Dharawal, and Guringai. The sociologists disagree about the cultural separateness of the indigenous groups in Eora. They have expressed their doubt about the claim that all the groups, which are listed above spoke the same language in different dialects. According to the evidence, the indigenous groups of the Sydney harbor used different languages and dialects (Warren, 2014). There are many sites in Sydney harbor which have significance. These sites includes- Barangaroo reserve- Millers point First Flag (The place where the British people has raised their flag for the first time). Sydney museum. Cyprus Hellene Club. T2 buliding- Oxford street. This commonwealth Bank building was transformed by an indigenous artist named Reko Rennie. He painted the building in bright pink and designed it with patterns of geometric diamond. This pattern depicts his association to the indigenous group of Kamilaroi. The artist had also wrote some texts at the front side of the building in neon color which reads Always was, always will be. This text depicts the traditional custodianship of the Gadigal people (Koch, 2013). Tribal Warrior tour- This tour is for those people who come to Australia to know more about the traditional indigenous experience before the British invasion. The learning experience includes knowing the idea about the authentic food and fishing, knowing the name of the original landmarks, and hears the indigenous stories. Woodford Bat, Lane Cove. The first people who have populated the area of Sydney are the indigenous people, such as the Gadigals. In Perinth, many ancient indigenous tools have been found (Koch, 2013). It has been found that there were 4000-8000 native people in Sydney from 29 clans. The early visiting Europeans have noted that the indigenous people spent their day by fishing and camping. The Europeans discovered Australia in 1770. Lieutenant James Cook and crew were the first Europeans who discovered Australia. Some months later, they took possession of the coast. They named the coast Botany Bay (Warren, 2014). The British colony was established in Botany Bay at 1788 as the first British fleet arrived there with 11 vessels. The fleet had thousand people. The colony was then moved to Port Jackson. The establishment of British colony gave a negative effect to the indigenous population there. In the early days, the people from the British Colony depleted the local food stocks and introduced some major disease like chicken pox, measles and smallpox amongst the indigenous people (Price, 2012). These diseases easily affected the indigenous people, as they had no immunity against the diseases. An epidemic of Smallpox was spread in 1789 after a French expedition was held which was led by Jean-Franois de Galaup, comte de Laprouse. According to J. L Cohen, about 50% to 90% local tribe members died within three years of British settlement, whereas no child from the British settler group showed the signs of the disease. However, many indigenous people still lives in Sydney and identify themselves as Eora (Warren, 2014). According to the 2016, Census about 79000 people in Sydney has identified themselves as Indigenous. The number increased by estimated 18.5% from the 2011 Census (Abs.gov.au., 2016). The data showed the number of Indigenous people increased significantly in Wollongong, Sydney. The average age group of the indigenous population is also declining as the indigenous population has produced more children than the non-indigenous population. According to the 2016 census, the median age of the indigenous population is 23 (Abs.gov.au., 2016). The Census also shows that the indigenous population is attending school and staying in the education system for a longer time. The socio economical status of the indigenous has also increased. They are earning a little bit more than that of 2011 (Abs.gov.au., 2016). However, on average the personal income of any indigenous person is two third of the non-indigenous population. The number of the indigenous people has also increased as homeowners to nearly 40%. Those homes that have at least one person who identifies himself/herself as indigenous have less certainty to be overcrowded. The indigenous people are also attending school and getting educated (Abs.gov.au., 2016). 16% of population is getting higher education. The NSW Aboriginal land council protects the lands owned by the indigenous community by working according to the Aboriginal Land Right Act (1983) (Alc.org.au., 2017). The land council helps the indigenous community to establish the land acquisition or to establish commercial community schemes, which helps the community to create an economic base. The NSW law states that the healthcare services are equal for the indigenous people and the non-indigenous people (Alc.org.au., 2017). There are many services which helps the indigenous people to help them. One of such service is the fall service, which helps the older indigenous people in the case of fall related injury. One such fall service is available in my locality and it helps the indigenous population. On average, the indigenous population in Sydney is growing very rapidly. As we all know, the natality rate of their population has increased significantly in recent times, especially in Port Jackson Area. The most important fact about the increase is there is almost 10000 people in Sydney who identified themselves as indigenous, was not ready to identify their heritage during the previous census. However, not all these people speak indigenous language at home. I did a quick interview with some of these people and identified that all these people are actually half-indigenous. The indigenous people are also getting education more than earlier. The indigenous population is also getting their children into the education system from early age (Alc.org.au., 2017). Moreover, in the terms of outcome, the indigenous population is progressing day by day Though, there is still some non indigenous people who behaves as a racist and are against them for sharing the same privilege than them. The indigenous people in Australia has been through a lot and they still have sustained there. Sydney is an area which is full of the indigenous population. The number of indigenous people is increasing day by day and they are progressing, but still much progress and change in the mindset of the non-indigenous people must change. References: Abs.gov.au. (2016).2071.0 - Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia - Stories from the Census, 2016.Abs.gov.au. Retrieved 5 October 2017, from https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/2071.0~2016~Main%20Features~Aboriginal%20and%20Torres%20Strait%20Islander%20Population%20Data%20Summary~10 Alc.org.au. (2017).Our Organisation.Alc.org.au. Retrieved 5 October 2017, from https://alc.org.au/about-nswalc/our-organisation.aspx Koch, H. (2013).Aboriginal Placenames: Naming and re-naming the Australian landscape. ANU Press. Price, K. (2012). A brief history of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander education in Australia.Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander education: An introduction for the teaching profession, 1-20. Read, P. (2013). Making Aboriginal history.Australian History Now, 24-39. Sherwood, J. (2013). ColonisationIts bad for your health: The context of Aboriginal health.Contemporary nurse,46(1), 28-40. Warren, C. (2014). Smallpox at Sydney Covewho, when, why?.Journal of Australian Studies,38(1), 68-86. Warren, C. (2014).Was Sydney's smallpox outbreak of 1789 an act of biological warfare against Aboriginal tribes?.Radio National. Retrieved 5 October 2017, from https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/ockhamsrazor/was-sydneys-smallpox-outbreak-an-act-of-biological-warfare/5395050

The Story Of An Hour Irony Essay free essay sample

The Story Of An Hour: Irony Essay, Research Paper The Story of An Hour: Sarcasm In Kate Chopin # 8217 ; s short narrative # 8220 ; The Story of an Hour, # 8221 ; there is much sarcasm. The first sarcasm detected is in the manner that Louise reacts to the intelligence of the decease of her hubby, Brently Mallard. Before Louise # 8217 ; s reaction is revealed, Chopin alludes to how the widow feels by depicting the universe harmonizing to her perceptual experience of it after the # 8220 ; atrocious # 8221 ; intelligence. Louise is said to # 8220 ; non hear the narrative as many adult females have heard the same. # 8221 ; Rather, she accepts it and goes to her room to be entirely. Now the reader starts to see the universe through Louise # 8217 ; s eyes, a universe full of new and pure life. In her room, Louise sinks into a comfy chair and looks out her window. Immediately the image of comfort seems to strike a uneven note. We will write a custom essay sample on The Story Of An Hour Irony Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One reading this narrative should oppugn the usage of this word # 8221 ; comfy # 8221 ; and why Louise is non crushing the furniture alternatively. Following, the freshly widowed adult females is looking out of the window and sees spring and all the new life it brings. The descriptions used now are as far off from decease as possible. # 8220 ; The delicios breath of rain # 8230 ; the notes of a distant vocal # 8230 ; infinite sparrows were chittering # 8230 ; spots of bluish sky # 8230 ; . # 8221 ; All these are beautiful images of life, the reader is rather confused by this most unusual prefiguration until Louise # 8217 ; s reaction is explained. The widow susurrations â€Å"Free, free, free! † Louise realizes that her hubby had loved her, but she goes on to explicate that as work forces and adult females frequently inhibit eachother, even if it is done with the best of purposes, they exert their ain volitions upon eachother. She realized that although at times she had loved him, she has regained her freedom, a province of beeing that all of G-d # 8217 ; s animals strive for. Although this reaction is wholly unexpected, the reader rapidly accepts it because of Louise # 8217 ; s equal account. She grows excited and Begins to fantasy about life her life for herself. With this realisation, she wishes that # 8220 ; life might be long, # 8221 ; and she feels like a # 8220 ; goddess of Victory # 8221 ; as she walks down the steps. This is an eerie forshadowing for an even more unexpected stoping. The reader has merely accepted Louise # 8217 ; s reaction to her hubby # 8217 ; s decease, when the most unexpected happens ; her hubby is really alive and he enters the room flooring everyone, and Louise particularly, as she is shocked to decease. The sarcasm continues, though, because the physicians say she died of joy, when the reader knows that she really died because she had a glimps of freedom and could non travel back to populating under her hubby # 8217 ; s will once more. In the rubric, the # 8220 ; narrative # 8221 ; refers to that of Louise # 8217 ; s life. She lived in the true sense of the word, with the will and freedom to populate for merely one hr.